Wastewater contains trace amounts of antibiotics and dye, which can harm

ecosystems and human health. This study presents a novel photocatalyst, borondoped

graphitic carbon nitride (B-g-C3N4), as a potential solution. Developed

through two steps using hydrothermal self-assembly and thermal polymerization,

B-g-C3N4 exhibits a distinctive tubular structure. The unique tubular structure

remarkably increases its surface area and optical absorption, effectively degrading

DCF under visible light. Compared to pure g-C3N4, the B-g-C3N4 material has a

slightly increased surface area (from 14.83 to 16.47 m2 g−1). Moreover, the

incorporation of boron into the g-C3N4 matrix narrows the energy band gap from

2.74 eV to 2.67 eV, allowing the B-g-C3N4 to absorb more effectively in the visible

light region. As a result, more electron-hole pairs are generated, effectively

initiating the photocatalytic degradation process. As a result, B-g-C3N4 exhibits

remarkable efficiency in degrading DCF, achieving nearly 99% elimination in 60

min under visible light illumination. The outcome emphasizes the potential of B-g-

C3N4 as a promising choice for environmental remediation applications.