The study aimed to assess the malnutrition status of students at Le Van Tam primary school, Thai Nguyen city, Thai Nguyen province in 2023 and analyze some factors related to malnutrition of pupils at the research site. The study was conducted on 1085 pupils at Le Van Tam primary school with a descriptive method and cross-sectional design. The overall rate of malnutrition among pupils was quite high at 17.1%, of which underweight malnutrition accounts for the highest rate of 8.7%, stunting malnutrition accounts for 5%. 2% accounts for the lowest rate of malnutrition and wasting at 3.3%. Malnutrition including underweight, stunting, and wasting was higher in female children than in male children, however p > 0.05. There was a relationship between birth order, educational level and occupation, parents' malnutrition prevention practices, number of meals per day and dietary habits of pupils with malnutrition status of pupils, (p < 0.05). In summary, the research results show that the rate of malnutrition in pupils at Le Van Tam primary school in Thai Nguyen city, Thai Nguyen province was quite high, it is necessary to strengthen nutrition education communication to improve knowledge. Proper nutritional practices for primary caregivers contribute to reducing the rate of overweight and obesity in elementary school pupils. At the same time, there needs to be close coordination between Families and Schools in building a reasonable diet for pupils